| Abstract: | SUMMARIES. This study applies reagents Herzberg, Lofton-Merrit and fuchsin in old paper to characterize and distinguish paper dated before 1350 from others dated until 1500. We used micro-samples. Fibres get colour depending on the amount of lignin in them. Despite the fact that linen and hemp should not retain lignin, fibres belonging to earlier periods were poorly treated. So, the remaining lignin can be found. Lofton-Merrit reagent dyes in blue, fuchsia or pink those fibres with lignin, and leaves colourless the ones free of lignin. The ratio between these different coloured fibres in the sample is linked with the process of production and raw material. Herzberg reagent stains linen and hemp in a red-wine colour. The colouration stands out in the condition of the fibre when acidity and oxidation destroys cellulose structure. Herzberg reagent composition allows us to identify starch when this glue is used in Arabian production. Fuchsin reacts with protein and stains in fuchsia the margin of the fibre. Gelatine glue was found in early Italian paper (1350–1400) and also in the papers of later periods, made the Italian way. Differences in Spanish paper production can be establish for four different periods: (1) before 1350; (2) 1350–1400; (3) 1400–1450; and (4) 1450–1500. |
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