What Fiber for Paper Strengthening?
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English Slovak |
| ISSN: | ISSN 0034-5806 |
| Online Access: | http://www.viks.sk/chk/res_3_4_99_198_224.doc |
| Abstract: | SUMMARIES. to strengthen paper weakened by chemical or biological decay. Recently it has been suggested to use Japanese fiber for paper restoration, what can be adopted also for leafcasting. As Japanese fiber is quite laboriously to be prepared, it seemed advisable to assess their benefit in relation to the expenditure they need. Different kinds of paper, representing different states of strength as found in library, archive and museum objects, were treated according to the leafcasting-tissue-method, using kozp, mitsu-mata, flax and chemical pulp fiber. Several mechanical strength parameters (tensile strength after one defined fold, tearing resistance, etc.) were checked to assess the benefit, several sensory quality representing parameters (colour, thickness, stiffness) were checked to assess possible negative side effects. The two groups of tests parameters - mechanical strength and sensory quality -were combined by subtraction, what allowed to assess the entire result of a method. As main result it is stated that the leafcasting-tissue-method is very well apt for mould-damaged paper. For paper not only weakened by acid catalyzed hydrolysis of its cellulose, but also enbrittled by crosslinking, the method is useful only in the middle, not in the final state of decay. Flax is giving nearly the same strengthening effect as Japanese fiber, even if a stand-alone tissue of flax is by far weaker than a tissue of same thickness made of Japanese fiber. CONCLUSION. We conclude from our experiment that the tissue method is very well apt for strengdiening damaged paper, mainly such one that has become weak and limp, as it is the case with mould damage. Paper embritded by crosslinking of its cellulose can be strengthened by this method only in a middle state of damage; in the final state - the paper breaks already when it is bended - only a thicker tissue of kozfl may be useful; such a thicker kozp tissue, however, tends to be uneven (cf. Fig. 1). It might be advisable to mix koz.0 and mitsumata, at least for the double tissue, so that the unevenness of the first and die tendency to reduce die contrast between black script and white paper of the other (Fig. 7c) will not become too evident. Quite often it is not neccessary to use Japanese fiber laboriously prepared. Good flax fiber may give the same strength, even if the tissue itself, not connected to a damaged paper, is by far weaker than a tissue of same grammage made of Japanese fiber. The capacity of the flax fiber used for die experiment to form fiber-to-fiber bonds could be increased by further beating; it freeness value is only 10. But this would presumably reduce length and diickness and dius die strength of the fiber. Sometimes even chemical pulp fiber, which is demanding the least effort to be prepared and used, is giving enough strength to a damaged sheet of paper. The decision what fiber is the most apt in the strain between least possible effort and best possible result is a matter of individual decision for a well experienced restorer. |
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| ISSN: | ISSN 0034-5806 |
